In certain cases, it might be possible to remove dark circles under the eyes permanently, but this largely depends on the underlying cause. Dark circles often have multiple contributing factors, some of which may be temporary while others are more persistent.

Temporary dark circles may diminish with lifestyle changes, but in other cases, they can be more enduring. Regardless, dark circles are usually harmless and not necessarily an indication of fatigue or poor health. For those who wish to reduce them for cosmetic reasons, here are some strategies that may help:

1. Getting Adequate Sleep

Though often associated with a lack of sleep, dark circles can be more noticeable when sleep-deprived rather than being directly caused by it. A 2021 study suggests that people experiencing sleep deprivation may perceive their dark circles as darker. Developing a sleep routine can benefit overall well-being and skin appearance. For persistent sleep issues, consider consulting a doctor.

2. Applying Cold Compresses

Dark circles can be caused by widened or visible blood vessels beneath the skin. Cold compresses or cooling massage tools may help by temporarily constricting blood vessels and reducing the appearance of dark circles. Cold compresses may also reduce puffiness, which can cast shadows that make dark circles appear worse.

3. Using Caffeine

Like cold therapy, caffeine can constrict blood vessels. Some eye creams contain caffeine for this purpose. A 2024 study found that a 3% caffeine eye cream reduced melanin levels around the eyes in a small group of participants, suggesting it may lighten dark circles. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.

4. Minimizing Sun Exposure

Hyperpigmentation, often due to UV exposure, can cause dark circles. Protecting the eye area from the sun with sunscreen, sunglasses, and hats may prevent darkening and reduce signs of aging.

5. Treating Allergies

Allergies are linked to dark circles, as they can lead to inflammation and rubbing of the eyes, resulting in hyperpigmentation. Treating underlying allergies can help reduce rubbing and improve skin health.

6. Using Vitamin C

A 2009 clinical trial found that a 10% vitamin C product increased skin thickness beneath the eyes, reducing dark circle visibility by stimulating collagen production. However, more research is needed to confirm the benefits and safety of long-term vitamin C use around the eyes.

7. Applying Vitamin K

According to a 2021 review, vitamin K may help reduce the appearance of dilated blood vessels and improve skin elasticity. This suggests potential benefits for treating dark circles, though more research is needed.

8. Using Hydroquinone, Kojic Acid, or Arbutin Creams

Skin-lightening creams containing hydroquinone, kojic acid, or arbutin may reduce pigmentation-based dark circles. These compounds decrease melanin production, though they may cause side effects. A doctor’s supervision is recommended, as some products may contain harmful ingredients.

9. Concealers and Makeup

Although not a permanent fix, concealers, and makeup can effectively hide dark circles. Many brands offer products designed for the under-eye area.

Retinoids and Dark Circles

Retinoids, like retinol, are generally not recommended for use around the eyes. Oral retinoids can increase the risk of dry eye disease, an irreversible condition. While some eye products include retinoids, it’s best to avoid them until more is known about their safety.