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Dandruff: Types, Symptoms, and Causes
Dandruff is a common condition. It is characterized by flaking of the skin on the scalp. Although it is not contagious or life-threatening, it can certainly induce feelings of nervousness and present management challenges. Mild cases generally respond well to a gentle daily cleansing shampoo.
However, if this proves ineffective, An alternative medication may be needed. Recognize that symptoms can recur over time. It is considered a mild form of dandruff.
Symptoms
Dandruff indicators should include:
a. White-yellow patches on the head, hair, eyebrows, beard, mustache, or shoulders
b. Constant itching of the scalp
c. A scaly or scaly condition is called cradle cap in infants.
d. The severity of these symptoms may increase during times of high stress or in cooler, drier climates.
When to see a doctor
For most people, Dandruff does not require medical intervention, however, if the problem persists despite continued use of anti-dandruff shampoo. A general practitioner or dermatologist—a specialist in skin disorders—should be consulted.
Causes
Several factors may contribute to the development of dandruff, including:
1. Oily, irritated skin
2. Dryness of the skin
3. The presence of a yeast-like fungus (Malassezia) that thrives on the oils secreted by the scalps of most adults
4. Sensitivity to hair care products, leading to contact dermatitis
5. Other dermatological conditions such as psoriasis or eczema
Risk factors
Although dandruff affects almost everyone, certain variables increase the chance that dandruff will develop:
Age: Dandruff usually occurs in young adults and may persist into middle age. While this can have a negative effect on the elderly, for some it is a lifelong problem.
Gender: Statistically, men are more likely than women to develop dandruff.
Important health conditions: Neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease or HIV.
Diagnosis
Dandruff is diagnosed through a visual examination of the scalp. A dermatologist looks for flakes and irritation to differentiate dandruff from other skin conditions like psoriasis or eczema. No special tests are usually required unless another condition is suspected.
Treatment
1. Over-the-Counter Shampoos:
Shampoos containing zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, ketoconazole, coal tar, or salicylic acid can reduce dandruff symptoms.
2. Medicated Shampoos:
For more severe cases, doctors may prescribe stronger medicated shampoos or antifungal treatments.
3. Home Remedies & Lifestyle Changes:
a. Tea Tree Oil and Aloe Vera offer natural anti-inflammatory benefits.
b. A healthy diet with omega-3 and zinc supports scalp health.
c. Managing stress can help reduce flare-ups.
4. Scalp Care Routine:
Washing hair regularly with mild shampoo and avoiding harsh products keeps dandruff under control.
By combining treatments and proper scalp care, dandruff can be effectively managed and minimized.
