Table of Contents
Acne: Types, Symptoms,and Causes
Acne is a common skin condition caused by clogged hair follicles. It appears as pimples, blackheads, whiteheads, or cysts. Although prevalent among teenagers, acne can affect individuals of all ages. In this article, we’ll cover the types, symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatments of acne.
Types of Acne
1. Whiteheads: Whiteheads occur when pores become clogged but remain closed. It looks like a small bump. white or flesh color
2. Blackheads: When clogged pores open, dark spots form, causing the oil to oxidize and turn black.
3. Papules: Papules appear as small, red, inflamed bumps that do not contain pus.
4. Pustules: Pustules look like papules but contain pus, so they appear yellow or white at the tip.
5. Lump: A lump is a large, painful lump deep under the skin. without pustules and difficult to treat
6. Cysts: Cystic acne is severe and is characterized by large, painful, and often scarring lumps of pus.
Symptoms of Acne
a. Clogged pores (blackheads and whiteheads)
b. Red, tender bumps (papules)
c. Pus-filled lesions (pustules)
d. Painful nodules or cysts
e. Scarring from severe acne
Causes of acne
1. Excess fat production: Excess oil can clog pores, causing acne.
2. Hormonal changes: Hormonal fluctuations Especially during puberty or menstruation. May cause acne.
3. Bacteria: Bacteria such as acne Propionibacterium It can cause inflammation and make acne worse.
4. Stress: Although stress doesn’t directly cause acne, it does. But it can make the symptoms worse.
5. Diet: High glycemic foods and dairy products can also cause acne.
When to See a Doctor
Consult a dermatologist if:
1. Your acne persists after using over-the-counter treatments.
2. You have painful, cystic acne.
3. Your acne causes emotional distress or scarring.
Diagnosis of Acne
Dermatologists diagnose acne by examining the skin. They may conduct tests if hormonal issues are suspected.
Treatments for Acne
1. Over-the-counter treatments
a. Benzoyl Peroxide: Reduces bacteria and inflammation.
b. Salicylic Acid: Crystallizes and blocks pores.
2. Prescription drugs
a. Antibiotics: Oral or topical antibiotics to reduce bacterial infection.
b. Retinoid: Helps unclog pores and prevent future breakouts.
c. Birth control pills: Regulate hormones to reduce acne in women.
d. Isotretinoin: For severe cystic acne.
3. Treatment
a. Chemical peels: Remove dead skin cells.
b. Laser therapy: Targets bacteria and reduces oil production.
c. Steroid injections: Treat large, inflamed cysts.
